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职称英语考题预测教材变动复习重点
[摘要]
职称英语考题预测及教材变动复习重点
The Tiniest Electric Motor in the World
1. Scientists recently made public the tiniest electric motor ever built. You could stuff hundreds of them into the period at t...
职称英语考题预测及教材变动复习重点
The Tiniest Electric Motor in the World
1. Scientists recently made public the tiniest electric motor ever built. You could stuff hundreds of them into the period at the end of this sentence. One day a similar engine might power a tiny mechanical doctor that would travel through your body to remove your disease.
2. The motor works by shuffling（来回运动） atoms（原子） between two molten metal droplets（小滴） in a carbon nanotube（纳米管）. One droplet is even smaller than the other. When a small electric current is applied to the droplets, atoms slowly get out of the larger droplet and join the smaller one. The small droplet grows – but never gets as big as the other droplet – and eventually bumps into the large droplet. As they touch, the large droplet rapidly sops up （吸入）the atoms it had previously lost. This quick shift in energy produces a power stroke（动力行程）.
3. The technique exploits the fact that surface tension -- the tendency of atoms or molecules to resist separating -- becomes more important at small scales. Surface tension is the same thing that allows some insects to walk on water.
4. Although the amount of energy produced is small -- 20 microwatts（百万分之一瓦） -- it is quite impressive（给人印象深刻的） in relation to（与...相比） the tiny scale of the motor. The whole setup is less than 200 nanometers on a side, or hundreds of times smaller than the width of a human hair. If it could be scaled up to the size of an automobile engine, it would be 100 million times more powerful than a Toyota Camry’s 225 horsepower V6 engine.
5. In 1988, Professor Richard Muller and colleagues made the first operating（工作的， 运行的） micromotor（微型发动机）, which was 100 microns（微米） across, or about the thickness of a human hair. In 2003, Zettl’s group created the first nanoscale motor. In 2006, they built a nanoconveyor（纳米传送带）, which moves tiny particles along like cars in a factory.
6. Nanotechnology（纳米技术） engineers try to mimic nature, building things atom-by-atom. Among other things, nanomotors could be used in optical circuits to redirect light, a process called optical switching. Futurists envision（预想） a day when nanomachines（纳米机器）, powered by nanomotors（纳米发动机）, travel inside your body to find disease and repair damaged cells.
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